A diabetes type 1 profile (GAD antibodies, Islet cell antibody (ICA antibodies), IA2, Insulin antibody total, Insulin fasting, C peptide) is typically recommended for certain groups of people, including:

• People with symptoms of type 1 diabetes: People who have symptoms such as frequent urination, excessive thirst, weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision should be tested for type 1 diabetes.
• People with risk factors for type 1 diabetes: People who have a family history of type 1 diabetes, are diagnosed with celiac disease or have other autoimmune disorder should be tested for type 1 diabetes.
• People with newly diagnosed diabetes: People who have been recently diagnosed with diabetes, and whose blood sugar levels are not well-controlled with oral medication, should be tested for type 1 diabetes.
• Children and adolescents: Children and adolescents who have symptoms of diabetes or are at risk of type 1 diabetes should be tested.

• It’s important to note that these tests are not specific to type 1 diabetes, and they can be positive in other autoimmune diseases as well. Therefore, these results should be interpreted in conjunction with other diagnostic methods, such as clinical evaluation, and HbA1c.

The Diabetes type 1 profile measures :

• GAD antibodies
• Islet cell antibody (ICA antibodies)
• IA2
• Insulin antibody total
• Insulin fasting
• C peptide

This test requires a blood sample. A tourniquet (elastic) band is placed tightly on the upper arm. The patient is then asked to make a fist. This helps in the build-up of blood filling the veins. The skin is disinfected before needle insertion and the blood sample is collected in vacutainer.