Cardiac Risk Profile Test
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Myocardial infarction is a cardiac condition, where there is temporary or permanent cessation of the blood supply to the heart muscles. This is also referred to as a heart attack. There are various predisposing factors to cardiac disorders like age, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, family history etc. If a heart attack occurs, there are various blood markers that confirm the diagnosis and indicate the severity of the condition. A Cardiac Risk Profile is a comprehensive panel that includes tests to measure the common parameters that could increase the risk of a coronary artery disease.
The term “cardiac” refers to the heart and the related structures of the circulatory system. Cardiac risk is the risk of developing heart disease or experiencing a cardiac event such as a heart attack. This risk can be influenced by various factors such as age, genetics, lifestyle habits, and underlying medical conditions.
What is a cardiac risk profile test?
A cardiac risk profile test is a type of screening tool that determines a person’s risk of developing heart disease. It measures several blood parameters that suggest or indicate the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Why is the cardiac risk profile done?
The cardiac risk profile is done to determine the likelihood that a person will develop heart disease within the next 10 years. People who have a high risk of developing cardiac issues may be advised to get the test more frequently.
Doctors pay particular attention to the following factors:
- Homocysteine: Elevated levels of homocysteine have been associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and blood clots.
- D-Dimer: A high level of D-dimer can indicate an increased risk of blood clots, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
- Fibrin degradation product: Elevated levels of fibrin degradation products can indicate an increased risk of blood clots.
- High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP): hsCRP is a marker of inflammation, which has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease.
- Lipid profile: A lipid profile checks various types of fats and cholesterol in the blood, including:
- Cholesterol-Total: Total cholesterol levels can indicate an individual’s overall risk for heart disease.
- HDL: High-density lipoprotein or HDL is the good cholesterol that protects against heart attack and stroke
- LDL: Low-density lipoprotein or LDL is the bad cholesterol that leads to fat build-up in the arteries and increases the risk of heart attack
- VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) cholesterol.
- Triglycerides: Triglycerides are also linked to heart disease because they lead to fat build-up on artery walls.
- Non-HDL: Non-HDL cholesterol is an important component of a cardiac risk profile. It is a measure of the total bad cholesterol present in the blood. It includes triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL
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Cardiac risk profile test is done to assess the risk factors for coronary artery disease. These include:
Homocysteine : Homocysteine is a type of amino acid used to make proteins. Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folic acid helps to break down homocysteine and change it into other substances your body needs. Abnormal homocysteine levels increase the predisposition to heart diseases.
D-Dimer: It is a protein fragment formed when a blood clot dissolves. Thus, gives an idea about the blood supply to the heart and other vessels.
HsCRP: C Reactive Protein is an acute phase reactant in inflammation. High-sensitivity CRP is a useful test for determining risk of CVD, heart attacks, and strokes and evaluating a person before development of one of these health problems.
Lipid profile 1: It a group of tests that measures the cholesterol levels in the blood, and thus the status of the blood vessels of the heart.
The test is done to screen for the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases that include heart attack and stroke.
Cardiac risk profile test measures the levels of Homocysteine, D-Dimer, HsCRP in the blood. It also measures the lipid profile parameters.
High Homocysteine levels is also an important marker for risk assessment of coronary artery disease.
High D-Dimer levels indicate a clotting disorder or a heart disease.
High HsCRP is a sensitive predictor of increased cardiovascular risk in both men and women. It is used for assessment of risk of developing Myocardial infarction in patients presenting with Acute coronary syndrome. It also assesses risk of developing Cardiovascular disease or ischemic event in individuals who do not manifest disease at present
Lipid profile 1: High total, LDL, VLDL cholesterol and low HDL levels increase the risk of heart diseases.
Abnormal results may indicate a higher risk of heart disease, stroke, and other complications caused by clogged arteries. The parameters are read as follows:
- Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Elevated levels of D-dimer can be a sign of blood clots, which can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
- Elevated levels of hs-CRP are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
- If your cholesterol level is too high, you may require treatment to lower it. Medicine and lifestyle adjustments may be included. Any active sickness, such as an arthritic flare-up, might alter your total cholesterol level. If you have had an illness within the last three months, you should have this test redone in two or three months.
Cardiac risk profile test requires a blood sample. A tourniquet (elastic) band is placed tightly on the upper arm. The patient is then asked to make a fist. This helps in the build-up of blood filling the veins. The skin is disinfected before needle insertion and the blood sample is collected in vacutainer.
In most cases, no special preparation is required for a cardiac risk profile. However, some of the tests included in a cardiac risk profile, such as a cholesterol test, require the patient to fast for a certain amount of time before the test. If the patient is under any medications, the doctor or lab must be informed before the test.
